Journal: Journal of Diabetes Investigation

Article Title: Endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by tunicamycin increases resistin messenger ribonucleic acid through the pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum eukaryotic initiation factor 2α kinase–activating transcription factor 4–CAAT/enhancer binding protein‐α homologous protein pathway in THP‐1 human monocytes

doi: 10.1111/jdi.12434

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overexpression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) or CAAT/enhancer binding protein‐α homologous protein (CHOP) increased resistin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in THP‐1 human monocytes. THP‐1 cells were transfected with each of 20 μg of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid, pCMV6‐XL5 containing the coding sequence of human ATF4 or pCMV6‐AC containing the coding sequence of human CHOP, and were subsequently incubated in the medium for 48 h. The mRNA of ATF4, CHOP and resistin ( RETN ) was quantitated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and shown relative to 18S rRNA mRNA as described in the Materials and Methods. The mRNA of the control (empty pCMV6‐XL5 or pCMV6‐AC) is defined as 1.0. The mean ± standard error of the mean of five separate experiments with duplicate samples is shown. Unpaired Student's t ‐test was used for statistical analyses. ** P < 0.01, * P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: The expression vectors, pCMV6‐XL5 containing the coding sequence of human ATF4 (SC119103), and pCMV6‐AC containing the coding sequence of human CHOP (SC324377), were purchased from OriGene Technologies, Inc (Rockville, MD, USA).

Techniques: Over Expression, Binding Assay, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Sequencing, Incubation, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction